Qee Qhov Kev Paub Txog Kev Lag Luam Txog Logistics
EXW: Cov ntawv luv ntawm "EX Works", uas txhais tau hais tias "Xa ntawm lub Hoobkas (npe npe)". Los ntawm kev siv lo lus no, tus neeg muag khoom yog lub luag haujlwm rau muab cov khoom pov tseg ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom ntawm nws qhov chaw (lub Hoobkas, rhiav, warehouse, thiab lwm yam).
FCA: Cov ntawv luv ntawm "Free Carrier". Siv lo lus no, tus neeg muag khoom yog lub luag haujlwm los tuav cov kev lis kev cai xa tawm ntawm cov khoom, xa cov khoom xa mus rau tus neeg nqa khoom uas tau xaiv los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom thaum lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw pom zoo hauv daim ntawv cog lus, thiab ceeb toom rau tus neeg yuav khoom raws sijhawm.
CPT: Carriage Them rau, uas txhais tau hais tias tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum, ntawm nws tus kheej tus nqi, nkag mus rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntawm Carriage thiab them tus nqi thauj khoom mus rau qhov chaw uas tau teev tseg. Tom qab ua raws li kev lis kev cai ntawm kev lis kev cai, cov khoom yuav tsum raug xa mus rau tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm lub sijhawm pom zoo thiab qhov chaw xa khoom, thiab tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau lub sijhawm.
CIP: stands for "Carriage and Insurance Paid to", uas txhais tau tias "Carriage and Insurance Paid to the destination destination". Los ntawm kev siv lo lus no, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum, ntawm nws tus kheej cov nuj nqis, nkag mus rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab them tus nqi thauj khoom rau lub tsheb thauj khoom mus rau qhov chaw, thiab yuav tsum muaj lub luag haujlwm tuav kev tuav pov hwm thiab them tus nqi pov hwm. Tom qab mus dhau qhov kev lis kev cai ntawm kev lis kev cai ntawm cov khoom, tus neeg nqa khoom yuav tsum saib xyuas cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom kom ua tiav nws cov luag haujlwm xa khoom.
DAT: Xa ntawm Terminal (ntxig lub npe Terminal chaw nres nkoj lossis qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj). Siv lo lus no, tus neeg muag khoom xa cov khoom xa mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj lossis qhov chaw uas tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus tsis pub dhau hnub lossis lub sijhawm pom zoo hauv daim ntawv cog lus thiab tso cov khoom tawm ntawm lub tsheb tuaj txog rau kev pov tseg los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom.
DAP: "Delivered At Place" (insertnamed port of destination) Txhawm rau siv lo lus no, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntawm lub tsheb thauj mus los them rau cov khoom thauj uas tshwm sim hauv kev nqa cov khoom mus rau lossis ntawm qhov pom zoo nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw muaj npe; Kev xa khoom yuav ua tiav thaum cov khoom raws li daim ntawv cog lus tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsheb thauj khoom uas tau tuaj txog ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom pov tseg ntawm qhov chaw uas tau teem tseg.
DDP: "Delivered Duty Paid" (npe npe qhov chaw nyob). "Delivered duty them (... "Designated destination" yog hais txog tus neeg muag khoom ntawm qhov chaw xaiv, tom qab tuav cov txheej txheem kev lis kev cai ntshuam, cov khoom ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom tsis tau muab tshem tawm rau tus neeg yuav khoom, ua tiav kev xa khoom. Tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum dais. tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo thiab cov nuj nqis ntawm kev thauj cov khoom mus rau qhov chaw xaiv, suav nrog "cov se" (nrog rau kev lav phib xaub thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lis kev cai, nrog rau kev tuav cov nqi, lub luag haujlwm, lub luag haujlwm thiab lwm yam nqi) them ntawm lub hom phiaj thaum kev lis kev cai yuav tsum tau ua. Tus neeg yuav khoom muaj lub luag haujlwm loj tshaj plaws raws li EXW lub sijhawm, thaum tus neeg muag khoom muaj lub luag haujlwm loj tshaj plaws raws li DDP lub sijhawm, lo lus no yuav tsum tsis txhob siv yog tias tus neeg muag khoom tsis tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv tso cai ntshuam ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj.
FAS: nws stands rau "Free alongside" (lub npe hu ua chaw nres nkoj ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj). Siv lo lus no, tus neeg muag khoom yog lub luag haujlwm muab cov khoom tso rau ntawm lub nkoj lossis nkoj ze ntawm lub nkoj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj xa khoom kom tiav kev xa khoom.
FOB: Yog Free on Board lossis Freight on Board, nws lub ntsiab lus Suav yog "Free on Board (....) Named port of shipping). mus rau lub nkoj tsim los ntawm Tus Neeg Yuav Khoom ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj xa khoom thiab nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm teev hauv daim ntawv cog lus, coj txhua yam kev pheej hmoo ua ntej cov khoom hla lub nkoj txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj xa khoom thiab ceeb toom rau Tus Neeg yuav tam sim.
Txoj cai hloov pauv kev pheej hmoo hauv kab lus no tau hloov kho los ntawm INcoterms 2010. Qhov kev pheej hmoo raug xa mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom tom qab cov khoom thauj khoom thauj khoom ntawm lub nkoj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj xa khoom. (Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov tsheb hla lub nkoj txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau raws li tau teev tseg hauv 2000 General Txoj Cai Kev Txhais Lus tsis yooj yim los ua pov thawj, yog li nws hloov kho.)
Siv lo lus no, Tus Neeg Muag Khoom yog lub luag haujlwm rau chartering thiab them Freight mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov nqe lus ib txwm, thauj cov khoom rau ntawm lub nkoj cog lus ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj xa khoom thiab lub sijhawm xa khoom thiab qhia tus neeg yuav khoom sai.
CIF: namely, cov lus Askiv luv luv ntawm "Cov Nqi Them Nqi Them Nqi thiab Kev Xa Khoom", nws lub ntsiab lus Suav yog "Nqi ntxiv rau kev tuav pov hwm, Freight". Siv lo lus no, tus neeg muag khoom yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev kos duab thiab them nqi thauj khoom mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm cov lus ib txwm, thauj khoom ntawm lub nkoj ntawm lub nkoj cog lus ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj xa khoom thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm xa khoom thiab kev pov hwm cov khoom thiab them tus nqi. nyiaj pov hwm.
